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id="o0u82yaiea" class="MainC fr"> <dl> <dt><span id="o0u82yaiea" class="STitle fl"><b>技術(shù)文章</b></span><span id="o0u82yaiea" class="Position fr">您的位置：<a href="/">網(wǎng)站首頁</a> ><a href="/article.html">技術(shù)文章</a> >垃圾滲濾液脫氮處理厭氧氨氧化技術(shù)</span></dt> <dd> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="View"> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="PageView"> <h1 id="inside_rnewtil">垃圾滲濾液脫氮處理厭氧氨氧化技術(shù)</h1> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="inside_rnewtime">更新更新時間：2024-10-09 點擊次數(shù)：78次</div> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="inside_rnewcon"><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提升，城市固體廢物（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MSW)</span>的產(chǎn)生量持續(xù)增長，預(yù)計到<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2025</span>年，全球城市固體廢物（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MSW</span>）年產(chǎn)生量將超過<span style="font-family: Calibri;">22</span>億噸。通常采用處理該固廢方法包括填埋、堆肥、焚燒等。衛(wèi)生填埋因其經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢，在世界范圍內(nèi)被廣泛應(yīng)用。然而，填埋會導(dǎo)致垃圾滲透液的產(chǎn)出，垃圾滲濾液是一種成分復(fù)雜、污染物濃度高、毒性大的有機廢水，含有大量的無機離子、有機化合物和其他有毒元素，如重金屬和氨。因此，如果處理不當，垃圾滲濾液會嚴重污染環(huán)境。成熟的垃圾滲濾液中的有機化合物主要是不可生物降解的，其<span style="font-family: Calibri;">BOD/COD<0.3</span>，廢水中的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NH4+-N</span>濃度非常高，一般為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1000</span>～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3000mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>，有時甚至高達<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5000mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NH4+-N</span>度高是成熟滲濾液的一個典型特征，它通常不會隨著垃圾填埋場的年齡而下降。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">目前垃圾滲濾液氨氮去除方法可分為兩大類，即物理化學法<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span>氣提、活性炭吸附、過濾、離子交換、沉淀）和生物法（好氧和厭氧處理）。物理化學處理對大多數(shù)污染物的去除相對穩(wěn)定，尤其適用于去除難降解有機物，但是污泥處理、結(jié)垢問題、化學藥品使用量大，還會造成二次污染，使得物理化學處理成本高昂。生物處理因其運行成本較低被廣泛用于去除廢水中的有機物和氮。通常使用常規(guī)硝化和反硝化去除廢水中的氮需要高需氧量和大量添加有機碳，還會增加污泥產(chǎn)量，處理成本不經(jīng)濟。此外，高濃度的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NH4+-N</span>對微生物活性有毒性作用，從而降低脫氮過程的效率和穩(wěn)定性。與傳統(tǒng)的硝化和反硝化工藝相比，部分硝化<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span>厭氧氨氧化工藝不需要添加外部碳源，減少剩余污泥產(chǎn)量（～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">90%)</span>和降低能耗<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span>～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">63%)</span>，是一種具有巨大潛力系統(tǒng)的成本效益高的工藝。最近，越來越多的文獻已經(jīng)認識到厭氧氨氧化工藝在滲濾液處理中的潛在價值。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span>、厭氧氨氧化工藝介紹</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">厭氧氨氧化<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(anaerobicammoniaoxidation</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox)</span>細菌在厭氧的條件下利用<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NH4+-N</span>作為電子供體，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NO2--N</span>為電子受體生成<span style="font-family: Calibri;">N2</span>，實現(xiàn)高效自養(yǎng)脫氮。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>工藝需要<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NO2--N/NH4+-N</span>的摩爾比達到<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.32</span>，因此在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>工藝前需進行部分硝化?；趨捬醢毖趸投坛滔趸欠裨谝粋€反應(yīng)器內(nèi)進行，厭氧氨氧化工藝主要有兩大類：一體式<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span>工藝和分體式<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span>工藝。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.1 </span>一體式<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span></span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">一體式<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span>工藝是將短程硝化和厭氧氨氧化兩個反應(yīng)過程可以整合于一個反應(yīng)器內(nèi)進行。典型的一體式<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span>工藝主要有<span style="font-family: Calibri;">CANON</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">OLAND</span>和<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SNAD</span>等。張方齋等采用<span style="font-family: Calibri;">CANON</span>工藝對北京六里屯垃圾填埋場的晚期垃圾滲濾液進行脫氮研究，采用一體式的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">CANON</span>工藝，通過曝氣<span style="font-family: Calibri;">/</span>缺氧攪拌循環(huán)交替的運行方式，成功的富集了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AOB</span>和<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AnAOB</span>，進水<span style="font-family: Calibri;">COD</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NH4+-N</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">TN</span>質(zhì)量濃度（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>）分別為（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2050</span>±<span style="font-family: Calibri;">250</span>）、（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1625</span>±<span style="font-family: Calibri;">75</span>）和（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2005</span>±<span style="font-family: Calibri;">352</span>），出水<span style="font-family: Calibri;">COD</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NH4+-N</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">TN</span>質(zhì)量濃度（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>）能達到（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">407</span>±<span style="font-family: Calibri;">14</span>）、（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8</span>±<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span>）和（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">19</span>±<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span>），總氮去除率達到了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">98.76%</span>。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Zhang</span>用<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SNAD</span>工藝進行老齡垃圾滲濾液的脫氮處理，采用間歇曝氣的運行方式成功啟動<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SNAD</span>工藝，氨氮和<span style="font-family: Calibri;">TN</span>去除率都達到<span style="font-family: Calibri;">99%</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">COD</span>去除率約為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">77%</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.2 </span>分體式<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span>工藝</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">分體式<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span>工藝是半短程硝化和厭氧氨氧化分別在兩個反應(yīng)器中進行，第一個反應(yīng)器實現(xiàn)半短程硝化，第二個反應(yīng)器實現(xiàn)厭氧氨氧化。黃奕亮等采用短程硝化<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SBR+</span>厭氧氨氧化<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ASBR</span>組合工藝處理垃圾滲濾液，在常溫條件下實現(xiàn)垃圾滲濾液中的氨氮與總氮的同步去除，短程硝化<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NH4+-N</span>去除負荷達到<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.04kg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">m3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">d-1</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NO2--N</span>積累率達到<span style="font-family: Calibri;">96.7%</span>，厭氧氨氧化總氮容積去除負荷達到<span style="font-family: Calibri;">0.325kg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">m3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">d-1</span>，總氮去除率高達<span style="font-family: Calibri;">93%</span>。陳小珍等采用反硝化<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span>沸石曝氣生物濾池（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ZBAF)</span>部分亞硝化<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span>厭氧氨氧化組合工藝處理老齡垃圾滲濾液，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ZBAF</span>可以實現(xiàn)高效部分亞硝化，平均亞硝氮積累率（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NAR</span>）為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">93.8%</span>，亞硝氮產(chǎn)率（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NPR</span>）最高達<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.659kg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">m3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">d-1</span>，厭氧氨氧化平均<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NRR</span>為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.060kg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">m3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">d-1</span>，最高達<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.268kg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">m3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">d-1</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.3 </span>兩者對比</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">體式<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span>工藝的優(yōu)點：①結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，占地面積小且投資成本較低；②工藝流程簡單、運行管理方便；③亞硝沖擊負荷??；④厭氧過程產(chǎn)生的堿度還能被硝化細菌利用，一定程度上減少的堿度投加量。但一體式工藝運行要求更高，且啟動時間長，受干擾后恢復(fù)較為困難。分體式<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span>工藝優(yōu)點：①兩反應(yīng)器可單獨進行靈活和穩(wěn)定的調(diào)控，能優(yōu)化兩類細菌的生存環(huán)境，能避免<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NOB</span>對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ANAMMOX</span>細菌的競爭，運行性能穩(wěn)定；②系統(tǒng)受擾后恢復(fù)時間短；③短程硝化階段能削減某些毒物和有機物，避免其直接進入<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>反應(yīng)器，所以更適合處理含毒物和有機物的廢水。但是該系統(tǒng)較為復(fù)雜，投資成本高。因此，在通過基于厭氧氨氧化的工藝處理含有大量可生物降解有機物的垃圾滲濾液時，應(yīng)<span style="color:#ff0000">shou xuan</span>兩級<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-</span>厭氧氨氧化系統(tǒng)。然而，廢水成分的變化是垃圾滲濾液處理過程中工藝穩(wěn)定性的挑戰(zhàn)。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN</span>過程的不穩(wěn)定性在于垃圾滲濾液的不同成分，這可能導(dǎo)致<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN</span>出水<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NO2--N/NH4+-N</span>的比值超出最佳范圍。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>、影響因素</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>菌是嚴格厭氧自養(yǎng)的，倍增時間較慢<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span>為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">11d)</span>，一般難以對其進行富集培養(yǎng)，同時對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>值、溫度、溶解氧（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">DO)</span>、有機物和重金屬的較敏感，一旦抑制就很難恢復(fù)。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.1 pH</span>值和溫度</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">厭氧氨氧化細菌的生理<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>值為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">6.7~8.3</span>，超過此范圍會使<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ANAMMOX</span>反應(yīng)停止<span style="font-family: Calibri;">9</span>。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>決定了游離氨<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(FA)</span>和游離亞硝酸<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(FNA)</span>的濃度，并且<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FA</span>已被證明是<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>系統(tǒng)中的重要抑制劑。低<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>值會導(dǎo)致低<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FA</span>，這有利于<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>細菌的活性。研究人員普遍認為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>菌的最佳生長溫度為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">30~40</span>℃，低于<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15</span>℃時，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>反應(yīng)速率較低，大于<span style="font-family: Calibri;">40</span>℃時，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>反應(yīng)活性明顯降低。理論上，適當提高溫度能增強厭氧氨氧化菌的活性。在各種廢水脫氮處理中，大部分<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ANAMMOX</span>工藝都采用高于<span style="font-family: Calibri;">30</span>℃作為反應(yīng)溫度。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.2 DO</span></span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>菌對氧氣很敏感，低氧濃度對厭氧氨氧化產(chǎn)生了可逆的抑制作用，暴露于高氧水平會導(dǎo)致不可逆的抑制。然而，厭氧氨氧化細菌在逐步培養(yǎng)中與需氧細菌（例如<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AOB</span>）共存時可能會適應(yīng)高<span style="font-family: Calibri;">DO</span>濃度。當<span style="font-family: Calibri;">DO</span>要求過低時，控制曝氣量比<span style="font-family: Calibri;">DO</span>濃度更可靠，特別是在啟動過程中應(yīng)對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">DO</span>濃度更加謹慎，因為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AOB</span>的生長速度比<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>菌快，它會導(dǎo)致<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NO2--N</span>濃度升高使得<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>菌受到抑制。因此，在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ANAMMOX</span>工藝中應(yīng)根據(jù)實際運行情況對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">DO</span>進行嚴格，以免氧對厭氧氨氧化過程產(chǎn)生抑制作用。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.3 </span>有機物</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>菌屬于自養(yǎng)菌，不需要有機碳，相反，有機物的存在可能導(dǎo)致<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>和<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NOB</span>菌之間的競爭。盡管有機物可能會對厭氧氨氧化產(chǎn)生不利影響，但低有機物濃度或合適的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">C/N</span>比，尤其是可生物降解的有機物，可以在不抑制厭氧氨氧化細菌活性的情況下，使得厭氧氨氧化和反硝化共存，這可以提高脫氮效率。因此，控制合適的有機物濃度可以促進厭氧氨氧化和反硝化之間的協(xié)同作用對于提高脫氮性能具有重要意義。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.4 </span>重金屬</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">由于高濃度重金屬引起的微生物毒性，兩者難以生存。然而，低濃度重金屬是微生物必需的微量營養(yǎng)素。例如，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cu</span>是參與厭氧氨氧化代謝的亞硝酸還原酶的重要成分，而<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Zn</span>在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>菌的細胞合成中起著關(guān)鍵作用。然而，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Li</span>等證明過量微量元素對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>會毒害并抑制其活性。重金屬對厭氧氨氧化過程的影響也因各種因素而異，例如停留時間、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>、底物濃度、反應(yīng)器類型和污泥濃度等（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MLSS)</span>。因此，在采用厭氧氨氧化工藝處理垃圾滲濾液時需要注意重金屬對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anammox</span>菌的活性影響。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span>、厭氧氨氧化在垃圾滲濾液中的工程案例</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.1 </span>中國臺灣某垃圾滲濾液處理廠</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">該廠自<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2006</span>年開始運行，處理工藝是曝氣一沉淀<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span>反滲透<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span>吹脫，處理平均流量為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">304m3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">d-1</span>。在兩個曝氣池內(nèi)存在紅色顆粒，平均直徑為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5mm</span>，經(jīng)<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FISH</span>分析證實了含有厭氧氨氧化菌。曝氣池（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15.6m</span>×<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.1m</span>×<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3m</span>）有效池容為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">384m3</span>，水力停留時間為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.26d</span>，污泥停留時間在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">12</span>～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">18d</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MLSS</span>和<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MLVSS</span>的質(zhì)量濃度分別為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2110</span>和<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1505mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>。采用微孔曝氣，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">DO</span>質(zhì)量濃度保持在約<span style="font-family: Calibri;">0.3mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>值約為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7.4</span>，這有利于<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ANAMMOX</span>微生物和反硝化菌的共存。部分硝化和厭氧氨氧化的結(jié)合去除了曝氣池中約<span style="font-family: Calibri;">68%</span>的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">TN</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.2 CORSA</span>垃圾填埋場</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CORSA</span>垃圾填埋場位于西班牙，接收量約為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7500t</span>城市固體廢物·月<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1</span>，該處理廠設(shè)計最大滲濾液處理量約<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20m3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">d-1</span>。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2001</span>年后對工藝進行升級，采用<span style="font-family: Calibri;">LEQUIA</span>研發(fā)團隊的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PANAMMOX?</span>技術(shù)，經(jīng)過小試和中試實驗后成功應(yīng)用于垃圾滲濾液的處理，處理系統(tǒng)由兩個串聯(lián)運行的序批式反應(yīng)器<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(SBR</span>）組成，分別運行部分亞硝化（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN)</span>和厭氧氨氧化（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A</span>），配備了用于在線監(jiān)測<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">DO</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ORP</span>、溫度和水位的儀表，并在生物處理之后，使用物理化學氧化（即基于<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fenton</span>的工藝）去除剩余的不可生物降解的有機物。在預(yù)處理反應(yīng)器中，對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ALK/TAN</span>摩爾比通過tan suan qing na或者硫酸進行調(diào)整。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-SBR</span>體積為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">27m3</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A-SBR</span>體積為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">40m3</span>，反應(yīng)溫度在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20</span>～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">35</span>℃范圍。在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-SBR</span>中，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">DO</span>質(zhì)量濃度范圍為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.5</span>～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.5mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>值的設(shè)定范圍為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">6</span>～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8</span>。經(jīng)過<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15</span>年的脫氮監(jiān)測，該工廠一直在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">16.8~34.7</span>℃的溫度范圍內(nèi)連續(xù)穩(wěn)定運行，沒有發(fā)生任何嚴重故障，最大日脫氮效率為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">98.3%</span>，脫氮能力為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.1kg-N</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">m-3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">d-1</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">COD</span>去除效率在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">90%</span>以上。對該處理廠前后技術(shù)進行了成本分析比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)通過將傳統(tǒng)的硝化反硝化活性污泥工藝升級為使用活性污泥<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span>活性炭組合的厭氧氨氧化工藝，硝化的曝氣量從<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1000m3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">h-1</span>減少到<span style="font-family: Calibri;">200m3</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">h-1</span>，處理每噸水的能耗下降了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.675kW</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">h</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">m-3</span>，每年節(jié)能<span style="font-family: Calibri;">435500kW</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">h</span>，能耗降低多達<span style="font-family: Calibri;">87%</span>。平均有機碳消耗量減少了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">91%</span>，而平均剩余污泥產(chǎn)量減少了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">97%</span>，每年總成本下降了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">230000</span>多歐元。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.3 </span>湖北十堰西部垃圾填埋場</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">十堰市垃圾滲濾液處理廠設(shè)計日處理滲濾液為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">150m3</span>，采用北京排水集團自主研發(fā)的芮諾卡“紅菌"（即厭氧氨氧化）脫氮zhuan li技術(shù)，經(jīng)兩級<span style="font-family: Calibri;">UASB</span>厭氧污泥床、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ANAMMOX</span>脫氮、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MBR/RO</span>膜過濾聯(lián)合處理工藝處理后出水<span style="font-family: Calibri;">COD</span>出水控制在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">100mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">TN</span>出水控制在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">40mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>，氨氮出水控制在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">25mg</span>·<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L-1</span>，達到《生活垃圾填埋場污染控制標準》（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">GB16889-2008)</span>。與傳統(tǒng)工藝比較，用“紅菌"脫氮技術(shù)處理垃圾滲濾液具有減少污泥產(chǎn)量<span style="font-family: Calibri;">50%</span>以上等優(yōu)勢。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span>、結(jié)論</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">垃圾滲濾液的排放標準越來越嚴格，節(jié)能降耗的需求與日俱增，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PN-ANAMMOX</span>工藝與傳統(tǒng)的硝化和反硝化工藝相比，具有不需要添加外部碳源，減少剩余污泥產(chǎn)量（～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">90%</span>）和降低能耗（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">~63%)</span>的優(yōu)勢，更適用于處理低碳氮比的滲濾液。隨著技術(shù)研究的進一步深入發(fā)展，工程化的應(yīng)用將逐漸成熟。</span></p><p><br/></p></div> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="inside_newsthree"> <span><a href="/article.html">返回列表</a><a href="#">返回頂部</a></span> <div class="o0u82yaiea" id="clear" ></div> <div> <p>上一篇 : <a href="/Article-1321951.html">環(huán)保節(jié)能型一體化高效沉淀設(shè)備：綠色水處理解決方案的優(yōu)選</a></p> <p>下一篇 : <a href="/Article-1319550.html">餐廚及廚余垃圾處理新型三相分離工藝</a></p></div> </div>  </div> </div> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> <div id="o0u82yaiea" 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