水污染處理中多孔碳材料的應(yīng)用-山東科林華特環(huán)?？萍加邢薰?/title> <link href="/skins/598495/Css/Style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/skins/598495/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/skins/598495/favicon.ico"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://ziyuan.baidu.com/contexts/cambrian.jsonld", "@id": "http:///Article-1325338.html", "title": "水污染處理中多孔碳材料的應(yīng)用", "pubDate": "2024-10-23T08:33:31", "upDate": "2024-10-23T08:33:31" }</script> <script language="javaScript" src="/js/JSChat.js"></script><script language="javaScript">function ChatBoxClickGXH() { DoChatBoxClickGXH('http://chat.hbzhan.com',608991) }</script><script>!window.jQuery && document.write('<script src="https://public.mtnets.com/Plugins/jQuery/2.2.4/jquery-2.2.4.min.js">'+'</scr'+'ipt>');</script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://chat.hbzhan.com/chat/KFCenterBox/598495"></script><script type="text/javascript" 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<div id="o0u82yaiea" class="View"> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="PageView"> <h1 id="inside_rnewtil">水污染處理中多孔碳材料的應(yīng)用</h1> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="inside_rnewtime">更新更新時(shí)間：2024-10-23 點(diǎn)擊次數(shù)：48次</div> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="inside_rnewcon"><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">開發(fā)利用高效、廉價(jià)的吸附材料處理廢水污染是目前所迫切需求的。通過具有多孔結(jié)構(gòu)、表面活性位點(diǎn)的多孔碳材料來吸附廢水中的污染物，被認(rèn)為是應(yīng)對水污染問題的具有競爭力的辦法之一。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">多孔碳材料具有耐熱解、耐酸堿腐蝕、耐輻射、無毒、不易造成二次污染、可重復(fù)利用等特點(diǎn)，是一種優(yōu)良的吸附劑，在水污染處理中有很大的優(yōu)勢。近年來，多孔碳材料在水處理領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">多孔碳材料根據(jù)其孔徑大小可以分為三種類型：微孔（<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><2nm</span>）、中孔（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">50nm</span>）、大孔<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(>50mm)</span>。近年來關(guān)于對多孔碳材料的研究，主要是在于前驅(qū)體碳源的選擇，還有制備方式的改良以及對材料的改性研究等等。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span>、多孔碳材料制備方法</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.1 </span>活化法</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">活化法是制備多孔碳材料的傳統(tǒng)方法，主要分為兩種：物理活化和化學(xué)活化。物理活化主要包括兩步：碳化和活化。首先，將碳源材料在適宜的溫度下進(jìn)行碳化，然后以氧化性的氣體如<span style="font-family: Calibri;">CO2</span>、水蒸氣、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">N2</span>等，這些氣體作為活化劑對碳化料進(jìn)行活化。活化過程的目的是為了改變碳化料的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，擴(kuò)大比表面積以增強(qiáng)吸附性能。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Howaniec</span>等研究了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">CO2</span>活化對褐煤炭多孔結(jié)構(gòu)的綜合影響，結(jié)論表明在高溫高壓條件下<span style="font-family: Calibri;">CO2</span>氧化可以成功地制備出表面積發(fā)達(dá)、平均孔徑較低的褐煤炭。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">化學(xué)活化法是將活化劑加人碳源材料中進(jìn)行混合，在適宜的條件下同步進(jìn)行碳化和活化，常用化學(xué)活化劑有：<span style="font-family: Calibri;">KOH</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">H3PO4</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NaOH</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">FeCl3</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ZnCl2</span>化學(xué)活化雖然相比物理活化有更大的優(yōu)勢，但是其會(huì)造成一定程度的污染。近年來的一些研究從活化條件的控制出發(fā)，結(jié)合水熱預(yù)處理，在降低資源浪費(fèi)的前提下，盡可能的獲得吸附性能好的多孔碳材料。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Huang</span>等采用<span style="font-family: Calibri;">H3PO4</span>水熱預(yù)處理結(jié)合快速活化的方法，以廢木屑為原料，以<span style="font-family: Calibri;">H3PO4</span>為活化劑，經(jīng)<span style="font-family: Calibri;">450</span>℃水熱預(yù)處理后快速活化<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.8min</span>，制得比表面積為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1980m2/g</span>的碳納米球多孔碳材料<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(PHAC)</span>，對不同類型的污染物均具有良好的吸附性能。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.2 </span>模板法</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">采用模板法制備多孔碳材料是近年來研究的熱點(diǎn)。模板法可分為硬模板法和軟模板法兩種方法。硬模板法是將碳前驅(qū)體加入到帶有孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的模板中，然后在碳化后去除掉模板，得到多孔碳材料。有如介孔二氧化硅、金屬有機(jī)骨架的人工預(yù)制合成的模板，有如多孔混凝土、沸石礦物的天然模板。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Saini</span>等研究了基于生物質(zhì)的硬模板法制備多孔碳吸附劑，制備了木質(zhì)素為前體，沸石模板化碳材料，以去除水中的甲基橙。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">軟模板法則是讓碳前驅(qū)體與導(dǎo)向劑進(jìn)行自組裝，然后經(jīng)過碳化得到多孔碳材料。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Zheng</span>等使用聚乙烯<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span>聚丙二烯作為導(dǎo)向劑，以巴塔斯生物質(zhì)前驅(qū)體，讓兩者進(jìn)行自組裝來合成一種新的熱液介孔生物炭（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">HMC-800</span>），用于從廢水中除去四環(huán)素。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.3 </span>直接碳化法</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">直接碳化法是指將碳基材料一步直接碳化合成多孔碳材料，因其操作簡便、成本低廉受到廣泛的關(guān)注。金屬有機(jī)骨架材料（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MOFs</span>）因其成分可調(diào)、結(jié)構(gòu)多樣、孔徑可控等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在吸附領(lǐng)域擁有廣闊的前景。近年來，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MOFs</span>常被用作前體，以獲得具有特定形態(tài)和大小的多孔碳材料。從<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MOFs</span>形成多孔碳的過程簡單，只需在高溫和對應(yīng)的大氣條件下進(jìn)行熱解。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Zhang</span>等以雙金屬沸石咪唑酸鹽骨架（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ZIFs)</span>為前驅(qū)體，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PVP)</span>為輔助氮源，在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">900</span>℃條件下一步碳化，制備了富氮磁性多孔碳。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Zhang</span>等以十二烷基苯磺酸鈉（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SDBS</span>）為模板，通過<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ZIF-8</span>一步碳化制備了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">N</span>摻雜的分層多孔碳（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NHPCs)</span>，通過一步碳化法輕松的引入<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SDBS</span>，不僅改善了碳材料的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)也增加了氮含量和表面官能團(tuán)的數(shù)量。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.4 </span>元素?fù)诫s法</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">元素?fù)诫s法可以使多孔碳具有更大的比表面積和更豐富的孔隙率。主要可以分為：氮元素?fù)诫s、硼元素?fù)诫s、氧元素?fù)诫s、硫元素?fù)诫s等。通過元素?fù)诫s，可以改良多孔碳材料的性質(zhì)，增強(qiáng)多孔碳材料的吸附性能。還可以將多種元素進(jìn)行共同摻雜，通過增強(qiáng)多孔碳材料內(nèi)部的協(xié)同作用，大大提高了吸附污染物的能力。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Li</span>等制備了以淀粉為碳源、硫脲為摻雜劑的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">N</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">S</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">O</span>共摻雜多孔碳球，由于高比表面積和多官能團(tuán)的協(xié)同作用，對金屬<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cr(VI)</span>的去除率達(dá)到了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">97%</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>、在水污染處理中的應(yīng)用</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.1 </span>處理染料廢水</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">染料通常是水溶性的，染料的顏色會(huì)遮擋陽光對水體的照射，使得水體變質(zhì)。并且染料的性質(zhì)比較穩(wěn)定，耐物理、化學(xué)和生物方法分解。因此，染料廢水的排放給生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">目前紡織工業(yè)中所使用的染料<span style="font-family: Calibri;">70%</span>以上是偶氮染料。而雜原子摻雜和高的表面積，可以賦予碳材料優(yōu)異的吸附性能，可提高對偶氮染料的吸附性能。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cheng</span>等以葡萄糖和硝酸鎂為反應(yīng)物，大規(guī)模制備了一系列雜原子摻雜的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3D</span>分層多孔碳納米片（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">HPCNS</span>），所得的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">HPCNS</span>具有<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1378m2/g</span>的比表面積，對多種染料具有優(yōu)異的吸附性能，在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">25</span>℃下對yajialan的最大吸附量為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">561mg/g</span>。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Zhuang</span>等以高碳含量和低價(jià)煤焦油瀝青為前驅(qū)體，以三聚氰胺海綿為結(jié)構(gòu)框架和氮素前驅(qū)體，制備了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">H2O</span>在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">KOH</span>活化過程中氧化氫氧共摻雜的三維蜂窩多孔碳。這種多孔碳的衍生多孔碳具有du te的三維蜂窩結(jié)構(gòu)，有效比表面積約為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2246m2/g</span>，提供了巨大的吸附空間。對yajialan具的最大吸附能力達(dá)到了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">631mg/g</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">將碳質(zhì)材料與其它材料結(jié)合形成復(fù)合碳質(zhì)材料，可以進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化碳質(zhì)材料的性能。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Qiu</span>等通過自由基聚合和氧化聚合合成了一種（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">N-</span>乙烯基咔唑）基聚合物（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PPVK)</span>，這種材料比表面積高達(dá)<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1832m2/g</span>且具有大量的氮，對羅丹明<span style="font-family: Calibri;">B</span>的吸附能力為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1074mg/g</span>，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于商用活性炭。該種材料對甲基橙同樣具有一定的吸附性，吸附能力約為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">739mg/g</span>。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Liu</span>等采用<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PAN</span>膜作為制備碳質(zhì)材料的前體，填充<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mg(OH)</span>，制備復(fù)合碳質(zhì)材料，這種復(fù)合材料在吸附染料時(shí)，表現(xiàn)出<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1170mg/g</span>的高甲基橙吸附能力。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">通過對多孔碳材料中進(jìn)行金屬元素?fù)诫s，會(huì)使多孔碳材料中的電負(fù)性發(fā)生改變，增大對帶相反電荷的有機(jī)染料的吸附。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Foroutan</span>等在活性炭上摻入<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Co</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fe</span>金屬元素形成磁性復(fù)合材料，對陽離子染料亞甲基藍(lán)、甲基紫、尼羅河藍(lán)的最大吸附量分別為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">86.24</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">83.90</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">87.48mg/g</span>，并且該種材料具有很好的可再生利用性。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Vahdati</span>等對蔗糖和蛋清采用水熱法合成了富<span style="font-family: Calibri;">N</span>活性炭，然后在有<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fe3+</span>和<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fe2+</span>的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">NaOH</span>溶液中進(jìn)行活化和磁化，得到的富<span style="font-family: Calibri;">N</span>磁性炭具有很好的回收性，且對yajialan的最大吸附量為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">194mg/g</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.2 </span>處理重金屬離子廢水</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">隨著城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展，工業(yè)廢水中的重金屬離子污染也越來越不可忽視。我國水體主要污染重金屬離子包括<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cd</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cr</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Pb</span>、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">As</span>等。去除工業(yè)廢水中的重金屬離子是廢水回用的主要途徑。目前，常用的水體中重金屬去除方法主要有化學(xué)沉淀法、離子交換法、膜分離法、吸附法等。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">多孔碳材料作為高效吸附劑在污水處理中備受關(guān)注。多孔碳材料<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span>如活性炭等<span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span>作為吸附劑雖然吸附效果好，但很多具有不可重復(fù)利用性，且價(jià)格相當(dāng)昂貴。近年來，許多研究人員從創(chuàng)新、可持續(xù)、價(jià)格合理的角度出發(fā)，針對可重復(fù)利用性對多孔碳材料進(jìn)行了一系列研究。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Chen</span>等以衣康酸發(fā)酵廢液為原料，采用水熱法合成碳微球，以碳微球?yàn)樘假|(zhì)框架，通過化學(xué)活化制備了超高比表面積（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1802.16m2/g</span>）的連續(xù)多孔吸附劑<span style="font-family: Calibri;">ACM</span>，對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cr</span>（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">V)</span>的最大吸附量為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">270.14mg/g</span>。經(jīng)過<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span>次吸附<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span>脫附循環(huán)，吸附劑的吸附能力仍然保持在新鮮吸附劑的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">85%</span>左右。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Liang</span>等以葡萄糖和尿素為原料，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">KOH</span>為活化劑，經(jīng)過水熱活化兩步法制備多層結(jié)構(gòu)的無定形炭材料<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PCM-N</span>，比表面積為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1600.67m2/g</span>。該材料在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">25</span>℃、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH=2</span>條件下的最大吸附量為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">402.9mg/g</span>，對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cr</span>（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">V)</span>具有優(yōu)異的吸附性，且具有良好的回收利用性，經(jīng)過<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7</span>次的吸附<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span>解吸，材料吸附量維持在初始吸附量的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">79%</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.3 </span>處理抗生素類物質(zhì)</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">抗生素被大量用于動(dòng)物和人體，會(huì)通過轉(zhuǎn)化和生物累積的復(fù)雜惡性循環(huán)而持續(xù)存在于環(huán)境當(dāng)中。因此，抗生素類物質(zhì)已經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是一類新興的環(huán)境污染物。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">多孔碳材料可作為一種催化劑用來降解抗生素類物質(zhì)。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cong</span>等制備了一種具有氰基（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">COCN</span>）和銀納米顆粒<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(AgNPs)</span>兩個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)缺陷的多孔石墨氮化碳組成的新型復(fù)合光催化劑（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ag/COCN</span>）。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ag/COCN</span>對（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SMX</span>）具有優(yōu)異的催化活性，在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20min</span>內(nèi)去除超<span style="font-family: Calibri;">99.9%</span>的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SMX</span>。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fang</span>等通過煅燒工藝將黑色<span style="font-family: Calibri;">TiO</span>，納米顆粒錨定到多孔碳材料上，制備了一種高效的光催化劑，這種催化劑在光照下對四環(huán)素的降解達(dá)到了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">90%</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">對多孔碳材料進(jìn)行活化改性處理，可以增強(qiáng)多孔碳材料對于抗生素的吸附能力。</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Zeng</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">等用</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">NaOH</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">化學(xué)活化百慕大草衍生生物炭</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(A-BC)</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">，</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A-BC</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">的表面積為</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1991.59m2/g)</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">，對</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SMX</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">的最大吸附能力為</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">425mg/g</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">，強(qiáng)于市面上的商業(yè)活性炭和大部分生物炭。</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Zhang</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">等用</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">KOH</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">處理法制備了源自花生殼的改性生物炭</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(KBC)</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">，</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">KOH</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">使生物炭中的碳、硫、氮、氫等元素含量降低，氧元素和灰分含量增加。</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">KBC</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">的表面積和孔體積分別為</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1271.97m2/g</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">和</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0.653cm</span><span style="font-family:宋體">3</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">/g</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">，對四環(huán)素的最大吸附能力達(dá)到</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">356.19mg/g</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.4 </span>處理芳香族類化合物</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">芳香族類化合物，是廢水中常見的污染物之一。芳香族化合物是一種劇毒的有機(jī)化合物，被列為一種優(yōu)先污染物，即使是很低濃度的芳香族化合物仍然會(huì)對人體造成危害。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">有研究人員利用分層多孔碳吸附芳香族類化合物。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Yang</span>等通過對<span style="font-family: Calibri;">MOF-5</span>的直接熱解和石墨結(jié)晶化制備了一種分層多孔碳（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">HPC</span>），該種材料在<span style="font-family: Calibri;">950</span>℃下具有較大的表面積<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1512m2/g</span>，并且具有高的孔隙率<span style="font-family: Calibri;">0.94cm3/g</span>。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH=3</span>時(shí)，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">HPC-540</span>和<span style="font-family: Calibri;">-950</span>對對硝基ben fen的吸附量分別為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">320</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">200mg/g</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">HPC</span>的吸附能力是傳統(tǒng)活性炭的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>倍以上。<span style="font-family: Calibri;">He</span>等采用殼聚糖制備分級多孔碳（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PC)</span>，用來作為過氧單硫酸鹽（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PMS)</span>降解酚類物質(zhì)的驅(qū)動(dòng)劑，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">PC800</span>對對羥基benfen的去除率達(dá)到<span style="font-family: Calibri;">100%</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span>、結(jié)論和展望</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">本文綜述了多孔碳材料的幾種制備方法和在水污染處理中的應(yīng)用，作為一種吸附材料，多孔碳材料在水污染的吸附處理方面有很大的作用。相信在應(yīng)對突發(fā)性的水污染問題時(shí)，多孔碳材料會(huì)有著不可替代的作用。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">多孔碳材料的研究仍然有許多需要去完善的地方，目前所制備的用于廢水處理的多孔碳材料雖然具有良好的吸附去除效果，但是大部分不具備回收價(jià)值，且成本較高，不能廣泛應(yīng)用于實(shí)際工業(yè)除廢當(dāng)中。未來多孔碳材料應(yīng)該更多的利用廢棄材料作為碳源進(jìn)行制備，研制出各種環(huán)保無污染、可重復(fù)利用的高效廉價(jià)多孔吸附劑。</span></p><p><br/></p></div> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="inside_newsthree"> <span><a href="/article.html">返回列表</a><a href="#">返回頂部</a></span> <div class="o0u82yaiea" id="clear" ></div> <div> <p>上一篇 : <a href="/Article-1325339.html">電絮凝法去除油田回注水中油含量技術(shù)</a></p> <p>下一篇 : <a 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