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255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">對(duì)油井注水的處理主要是以去除油含量以及懸浮物為主，現(xiàn)常采用的是常規(guī)處理工藝、膜處理等技術(shù)。近年來，電絮凝技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用在水處理中，主要是在外加電源的作用下，陽極電極板生成氫氧化物和羥基絡(luò)合物，這些物質(zhì)對(duì)水中的有機(jī)物質(zhì)以及懸浮物具有吸附、絮凝作用<span style="font-family: Calibri;">;</span>陰極上聚集形成氣泡，對(duì)水中的懸浮物具有氣浮作用，進(jìn)而對(duì)水樣凈化。該技術(shù)不需要添加絮凝劑，工藝操作快捷、簡(jiǎn)單。本文將電絮凝技術(shù)應(yīng)用于油田注水處理中，對(duì)電極材料、電解時(shí)間、電極密度、<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>、電極板間距等參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，處理油田注水時(shí)可達(dá)到企業(yè)油井注水的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，具有良好的效果。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span>、實(shí)驗(yàn)部分</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.1 </span>材料與儀器</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">陜西某油井注水樣，具體水質(zhì)見表<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><img src="https://img49.hbzhan.com/9/20241023/638652692577918659735.jpg" title="1.jpg" alt="1.jpg" width="451" height="160" style="vertical-align: top; border: none; max-width: 860px;"/></span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0IL460</span>型紅外油分光光度計(jì)；<span style="font-family: Calibri;">L5</span>紫外可見分光光度計(jì)；<span style="font-family: Calibri;">SD-9011</span>色度儀；電絮凝裝置，自制。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.2 </span>實(shí)驗(yàn)方法</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">電絮凝裝置見圖<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><img src="https://img49.hbzhan.com/9/20241023/638652692578698775243.jpg" title="2.jpg" alt="2.jpg" width="425" height="201" style="vertical-align: top; border: none; max-width: 860px;"/></span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">電絮凝裝置為實(shí)驗(yàn)室自制，電極板采用鋁<span style="font-family: Calibri;">/</span>鐵極板，電極板尺寸<span style="font-family: Calibri;">150mm</span>×<span style="font-family: Calibri;">100mm</span>×<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3mm</span>電極板排列置于反應(yīng)槽中，其間距可調(diào)節(jié)，最小間距為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10mm</span>，電絮凝反應(yīng)槽尺寸為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">400mm</span>×<span style="font-family: Calibri;">200mm</span>×<span style="font-family: Calibri;">200mm</span>。實(shí)驗(yàn)用水體積最大為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8L</span>，水樣通過磁力泵進(jìn)行循環(huán)，通電后調(diào)整電流并開始計(jì)時(shí)，電解一段時(shí)間后取樣<span style="font-family: Calibri;">100mL</span>，靜置<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15min</span>。取上清液，測(cè)定水中油含量。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>、結(jié)果與討論</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.1 </span>電極材料的影響</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">分別采用鋁電極板、鐵電極板進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，控制電極板間距為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20mm</span>，電流密度為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5mA/cm</span>2，調(diào)節(jié)水樣<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7</span>，分別在電解時(shí)間<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10min</span>時(shí)取水樣，靜置<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15min</span>后進(jìn)行測(cè)定。比較兩種電極板電絮凝的處理效果，結(jié)果見表<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><img src="https://img49.hbzhan.com/9/20241023/638652692579167841656.jpg" alt="3.jpg" style="width:800px;"/></span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">由表<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>可知：<span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1)</span>采用鋁作電極板時(shí)，水中油含量較低，即其水中油去除率較高<span style="font-family: Calibri;">;(2)</span>使用鐵作電極板時(shí)，雖然水中油含量隨著電解時(shí)間的增加也同步降低，但其水樣的色度有所增加，電解<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2min</span>時(shí)水樣呈現(xiàn)黃棕色，且隨著電解時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng)，其色度值在增加。這是由于在使用鐵電極板時(shí)，電解溶液不斷電解出鐵離子，隨著電解時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng)，其鐵離子含量越高，其溶液的色度也隨之增加。而使用鋁電極板進(jìn)行電絮凝時(shí)，不存在溶液色度增加的現(xiàn)象。因此，選擇鋁電極板進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.2 </span>電解時(shí)間的影響</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">實(shí)驗(yàn)固定電極板為鋁電極板，間距為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20mm</span>，電流密度為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5mA/cm2</span>，調(diào)節(jié)水樣<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7</span>。分別在電解時(shí)間為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">12min</span>時(shí)取水樣，取出的水樣靜置<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15min</span>后，對(duì)其進(jìn)行測(cè)定。電極時(shí)間對(duì)油田注水電絮凝處理效果的影響見圖<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><img src="https://img49.hbzhan.com/9/20241023/638652692579636558799.jpg" title="4.jpg" alt="4.jpg" width="424" height="284" style="vertical-align: top; border: none; max-width: 860px;"/></span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">由圖<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>可知，電解時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，水樣中油含量越低<span style="font-family: Calibri;">;</span>當(dāng)電解時(shí)間為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8min</span>時(shí)，水中油含量趨于穩(wěn)定。隨著時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng)，水中油含量降低，此時(shí)能耗增加。因此，實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇電解時(shí)間為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8min</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.3 </span>電流密度的影響</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">電流密度的大小直接影響著溶液中金屬離子的濃度、電極生成的氣泡量，從而進(jìn)一步影響水中油的去除效果。固定水樣的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7.00</span>，電極板間距為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20mm</span>，分別在電流密度為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">6mA/cm2</span>時(shí)進(jìn)行電絮凝處理水樣<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8min</span>，考察電流密度對(duì)油田注水去除水中油含量的影響，結(jié)果見表<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><img src="https://img49.hbzhan.com/9/20241023/638652692580105631989.jpg" title="5.jpg" alt="5.jpg" width="475" height="327" style="vertical-align: top; border: none; max-width: 860px;"/></span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">由表<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span>可知，隨著電流密度增加，水中油含量在同步降低。這是由于隨著電流密度的增加，電極板電解產(chǎn)生的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AP+</span>含量增加，與陰極產(chǎn)生的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">OH</span>二生成了<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Al(OH)3</span>，其通過吸附和共沉淀作用去除水中油<span style="font-family: Calibri;">;</span>同時(shí)，電極上生成的氣泡產(chǎn)生了氣浮作用，降低了水中油的含量。當(dāng)電流密度≥<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5mA/cm</span>2時(shí)，水中油含量達(dá)到平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)。這是由于當(dāng)電極板電極出的離子含量增加到一定程度時(shí)，由于溶液中產(chǎn)生了過量的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Al(OH)3</span>，從而使得絮體膨脹，電極表面存在一定程度的鈍化現(xiàn)象，從而使得電極活性降低，進(jìn)一步降低了水中油去除率。因此，最佳電流密度為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5mA/cm2</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.4 pH</span>的影響</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>的高低直接影響著水溶液中<span style="font-family: Calibri;">OH-</span>的濃度，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">OH-</span>是<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Al(OH)</span>，的重要組成部分，其含量的高低對(duì)<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Al(OH</span>），的形成有重要影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)中，固定電極板間距為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20mm</span>，電流密度為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5mA/cm</span>2，電解時(shí)間為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8min</span>，考察<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>對(duì)電絮凝效果的影響，結(jié)果見圖<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; text-align: center;"><img src="https://img49.hbzhan.com/9/20241023/638652692580731339589.jpg" title="6.jpg" alt="6.jpg" width="421" height="283" style="vertical-align: top; border: none; max-width: 860px;"/></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">由圖<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span>可知，隨著<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>的增加，水中油含量的去除率越來越高，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH=8</span>時(shí)，水中油去除率達(dá)到了最大值。這是由于<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH<4</span>時(shí)，電極板生成的金屬離子<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A</span>以離子形式存在于溶液中，不具有絮凝作用，即不會(huì)對(duì)水中油含量進(jìn)行有效的去除<span style="font-family: Calibri;">;</span>當(dāng)<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH>5</span>時(shí)，電極板陽離子生成的金屬離子<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AP+</span>與<span style="font-family: Calibri;">OH-</span>形成了吸附性較好的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AI(0H)3</span>，增強(qiáng)了絮凝劑的吸附作用<span style="font-family: Calibri;">;</span>同時(shí)，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AI(OH)</span>，電離出的金屬離子<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AP+</span>將擴(kuò)散層中反離子吸附的電荷排斥到吸附層，降低了膠體的帶電量，促進(jìn)溶液中膠體更容易凝聚，從而提高了去油效果。當(dāng)<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH>8</span>時(shí)，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AI(OH)</span>，溶于溶液中，過量的<span style="font-family: Calibri;">OH-</span>與<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AI(OH);</span>形成了羥基配合物<span style="font-family: Calibri;">AI(OH)4</span>而失去了絮凝作用，降低了去油效果，同時(shí)溶液中<span style="font-family: Calibri;">OH</span>二過多，電極板會(huì)形成鈍化膜，電極板析出金屬離子受阻。因此，選擇<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7</span>～<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.5 </span>電極板間距的影響</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">電極板間距較小時(shí)，有利于電極板之間電子的傳遞，增加了羥基配合物<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Al</span>（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">OH)</span>與水中油含量的碰撞，使得電極板工作表面利用較充分，能夠起到很好的絮凝沉降作用。但油含量太高而電極板間距較小造成了中間通道的堵塞，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致了電場(chǎng)分布不均勻，不利于水中油含量的去除。實(shí)驗(yàn)固定電流密度為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5mA/cm</span>2，水樣<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7</span>?？疾炝穗姌O板間距分別為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20</span>，<span style="font-family: Calibri;">30mm</span>時(shí)，進(jìn)行電絮凝處理水樣<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8min</span>時(shí)，測(cè)定對(duì)水中油含量的影響，結(jié)果見圖<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><img src="https://img49.hbzhan.com/9/20241023/638652692581511558651.jpg" title="7.jpg" alt="7.jpg" width="421" height="288" style="vertical-align: top; border: none; max-width: 860px;"/></span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">由圖<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span>可知，隨著電極板間距的增大，水中油含量的去除率是先增加后降低，最佳的電極板間距為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20mm</span>。這是由于隨著電極板間距的增大，使得電極板之間電子的流通性增強(qiáng)，提高了粒子之間相互碰撞的幾率，增加了水中油含量的去除率。電極板間距<span style="font-family: Calibri;">>20mm</span>時(shí)，粒子之間的碰撞幾率減小，從而使得水中油含量的去除率降低。因此，選擇電極板間距為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20mm</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.6 </span>電絮凝處理后水樣測(cè)定</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">固定電極板間距為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20mm</span>，電流密度為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5mA/cm</span>2，電解時(shí)間為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8min</span>，調(diào)節(jié)水樣<span style="font-family: Calibri;">pH</span>處于<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7~8</span>之間，對(duì)陜西某油井注水進(jìn)行電絮凝處理，處理后水中油含量、懸浮物含量、濁度、粒徑中值、鐵含量等項(xiàng)目，測(cè)定結(jié)果見表<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span>。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><img src="https://img49.hbzhan.com/9/20241023/638652692582136511824.jpg" alt="8.jpg" style="width:800px;"/></span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">由表<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span>可知，電絮凝處理后水樣結(jié)果達(dá)到了企業(yè)油井注水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可用于處理油井注水。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span>、結(jié)論</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">（<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span>）針對(duì)油田注水的高水中油含量、高懸浮物的特點(diǎn)，采用電絮凝法處理油井注水。結(jié)果表明，電絮凝法可通過絮凝沉降的作用使水中油沉降，達(dá)到了凈化水質(zhì)的作用。電絮凝法對(duì)油井注水的水中油含量處理效果良好，該方法可以提高油井注水的處理效果和縮短處理時(shí)間。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(2)</span>在使用鋁電極板，電解時(shí)間為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8min</span>，電極板間距為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20mm</span>，電流密度為<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5mA/cm</span>2時(shí)，處理油田注水時(shí)可達(dá)到企業(yè)油井注水的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</span></p><p style="font-family: 宋體, serif; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(3</span>）電絮凝技術(shù)在處理油田注水時(shí)能耗低，反應(yīng)時(shí)間僅需要<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8min</span>，處理效率高，且使用的鋁電極板成本較低。在油井注水處理中有較好的應(yīng)用前景。</span></p><p><br/></p></div> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="inside_newsthree"> <span><a href="/article.html">返回列表</a><a href="#">返回頂部</a></span> <div class="o0u82yaiea" id="clear" ></div> <div> <p>上一篇 : <a href="/Article-1333456.html">化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室污水處理一體機(jī)如何確保水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)排放</a></p> <p>下一篇 : <a href="/Article-1325338.html">水污染處理中多孔碳材料的應(yīng)用</a></p></div> </div>  </div> </div> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="clear"></div> <footer>  <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="foot1"> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="foot1_in clear clearfix"> <ul class="foot_nav"> <li> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="tlt">關(guān)于我們</div> <a href="/aboutus.html">關(guān)于我們</a> <a href="/order.html">在線留言</a> <a href="/contact.html">聯(lián)系我們</a> </li> <li id="o0u82yaiea" class="cen"> <div id="o0u82yaiea" class="tlt">熱銷產(chǎn)品</div> <a 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